From Hero to Zero: How the South African government loses their grip on communication during the Corona-Crisis
Diana Runge | 22. Mai 2020
Eight weeks and no end in sight. Despite having started to cautiously ease the lockdown, the restrictions imposed by the South African government in order to slow the spread of the Coronavirus are still amongst the hardest worldwide. But it is not only due to the severity and extent of the lockdown that the initial wide acceptance and approval of the restrictions is declining rapidly. The confused and contradictory communication of the government likewise affects the public perception and experience of the lockdown and its effects.
Calm, effective, compassionate: Initial crisis communication by the book
During the first weeks of the pandemic, President Cyril Ramaphosa succeeded in uniting the South African society behind him. His clear statements, level-headed approach and compassionate conduct furthered a general consensus that the lockdown was necessary in order to buy time and prepare the health sector for the inevitable spread of the pandemic. In the face of the foreseeable economic impacts, Ramaphosa urged South Africans to be patient and to show compassion and solidarity. And the message hit home.
Compliance rates in the early weeks of the lockdown were high, as was approval from all groups of society. The situation changed somewhat when the lockdown, which was supposed to last for three weeks, was extended by another two weeks. South Africans clenched their teeth as the economic impact of the nationwide standstill became more apparent and lockdown weariness set in. And just when some good news and clear, convincing communication was needed in order to keep the spirits high, all communication fell apart.
Losing the script: No coherent storyline and storytellers with their own agenda
Ramaphosa increasingly left it to his ministers to explain and defend the rules of the lockdown. They, in turn, appear to either lose themselves in petty details of regulation trivia. What is even more concerning, some also appear to pursue their own agenda. And what once was a clear cut, unifying narrative of “Together We Prevail” has become a fragmented, paternalistic statement contest of “You Must Nots”, mixed with threats and subliminal power play.
For example, while the president thanked the people for complying with restrictions, Police Minister Bheki Cele threatened them with punishment for violating lockdown rules. Cele’s dismissive reaction to allegations regarding police and army brutality during lockdown enforcement (“Wait until you see more force”) caused dismay and outrage throughout the South African society. His statement that he wishes the “alcohol ban could be extended beyond lockdown” raised suspicions that the minister might be on a private warpath against alcohol.
Speculations of personal agendas being followed under the guise of fighting the pandemic were further fuelled when in late April Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affair, took back the President’s announcement to allow the sale of cigarettes hitherto prohibited under lockdown rules. Dlamini-Zuma, herself a medical doctor and tireless opponent of smoking, defended the u-turn on smokes with vague references to health concerns and the results of an alleged consultation process that can be called opaque at best.
Behind a smokescreen: The lack of transparency creates a void of understanding
The reasons for the tobacco ban as well as other rules of lockdown remain largely unexplained to the public. The meeting minutes of the National Coronavirus Command Council, the body leading the fight against the pandemic, are classified. And it was only this week, more than two months after the National State of Disaster was declared, that some of the scientific data and models that guide the government’s decision making process, were made public.
However, none of the data explains why outdoor exercise is only allowed between 6 and 9 am, why closed-toe shoes can be sold, but not open-toe shoes, why “educational books” may be purchased, but no other books, and why on top of the general restrictions on movement there is a military enforced night-time curfew.
“Draconic”, “communistic”, “irrational” and “bizarre”, are just some of the public comments on the regulatory tangle, and these are just the nice ones. The tone gets harsher and the language more colourful as South Africans criticise their government as undemocratic, random or even downright incompetent. Recently, scientists and medical experts joined in with the general chorus of dismay, claiming they have been side-lined, and government decisions are “ill-informed” and “nonsensical”.
Not just a nice-to-have: Communication in a crisis is essential
Health Minister Dr Zweli Mkhize swiftly dismissed these allegations as “unfair” and defended both, lockdown rules and the governments (non-)communication strategy. According to Mkhize, the government does not intentionally hold back information from the public. The minister claims that the government needs space to manage the pandemic first and then come back to the people and answer questions.
While obviously important actions to fight the pandemic must not be delayed, Mkhize’s conviction that information comes second – especially if it leads to criticism – shows how vastly the government underestimates the importance of communication during a crisis. To act decisively and to keep the public informed and involved is not a question of either/or. By putting communication on the backburner, the government creates the breeding ground for suspicion, allegations, uncertainty and lack of trust. What is more, efforts to fight the pandemic are contradicted, as understanding does not only affect attitude, but it also directly influences actual behaviour during the next phases of the pandemic.
Understanding is key: The way and world ahead
Initially, the lockdown did indeed slow the spread of the virus. However, local transmissions are now increasing and the rate of infections is accelerating. Experts predict the pandemic to reach its peak some time between July and September. However, in order to save what little is left of the economy and to allow more people to earn a living, the current lockdown cannot continue much longer. The government is well aware of that, and there are signs that the country will see an easing of the rules at the end of May. It will not be a “back to normal” though, as a number of restrictions on movements are more than likely to stay in place. In the absence of a cure or vaccine, non-medical and social distancing measures are the only means available to fight the pandemic. Now more than ever coherent communication and the involvement of all groups of society is called for in order to create sound knowledge, understanding and awareness, all of which are key to a lasting change in behaviour and adherence to social distancing.
In one of his increasingly rare addresses to the nation President Ramaphosa stressed that the government has to confront an unprecedented challenge, and that mistakes have been made. With the admittances that some previous actions have been unclear, contradictory and poorly explained comes the promise that in the future there will be more transparency, engagement and consultations with the public. As in previous statements, Ramaphosa stressed that after the pandemic, South Africa – and the world – will be a different place. Based on the changes the country has seen in the past two months, to some his words might sound like a warning.
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Bildnachweis: Eigene Darstellung, Icon by iXimus from Pixabay




